Calcium chloride is one of the most important and most consumable mineral chemical substance which is widely used in drilling industry (as drilling mud) as well as in foodstuffs and pharmaceutical industries.
Calcium chloride is a chemical substance with CaCl2.xH2O formula. This substance is also known as calcium chlorine. This substance is a composition of calcium and chloride and is mostly contains two water molecules. This compound absorbs moisture intensively and is known as desalting substances. This substance must be stored in air and moisture proof packages.
Calcium chloride without water contents (anhydrous) has 110.98 g/mol molecular mass. The physical form of this compound is white crystal. This water is water soluble and thus serves as a suitable calcium content source and is used in substitution reactions which easily takes the place of another cation. The interesting characteristics of this molecule are releasing heat when it is solved in water which is due to the high enthalpy in solving this substance.
Noavaran Chimie Saveh is one of the most experienced units of industrial calcium and food grade, owing to its extensive research and studies on the process of manufacturing this substance.
Industrial calcium chloride:
- In drilling oil wells drills and petrochemical industries.
- In making pigments and metal soaps.
- It is used in coolants and de-moisture industries.
- It is used in producing glycerol.
- In concrete industries.
Edible calcium chloride:
- It is used in producing various types of foodstuffs.
- It is used in pharmaceutical industries.
- It is use in cattle and bird feeds.
- It is used in fast hardening concrete plants. That is, calcium chloride plays accelerating roles in manufacturing this class of concrete. This chemical substance is first mixed with concrete water and is then added to the sand, gravel and cement mix. Thus, to produce fast harden concrete, instead of fast hardening cement, the ordinary lean cement (Portland type I) and chloride calcium could be used. The concrete made in this method shows more resistance against erosion; however, it is more vulnerable against sulfates attacks and the concrete fall increases around 10 to 15 percent; nevertheless, the worst harm of this substance is its impacts on reinforcements and causing corrosions in them. This substance is allowed to be used only in concrete without steel and its consumption amount is limited to 2 percent of the cement weight.
Due to its hydrophilic property, this substance absorbs and keeps water. Anhydrous Chloride calcium should be kept in anaerobic conditions.
Since calcium chloride is water soluble, it can be used as a source of calcium ions in water solvents. These characteristics could be useful for displacing ions from solvent. For example, phosphate is taken by calcium from the solvent in following reactions:
CaCl2(aq) + 2 K3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6 KCl(aq)3
Molten calcium chloride generates chloride and calcium metal after electrolysis through following reaction:
CaCl2(l) → Ca(s) + Cl2(g)
This substance dissolves by generating large amount of heat.
Calcium chloride is extracted directly from limestone; however, it produces large amount of Solvay process. More than one million ton of this substance was consumed in North America in 2002/
CaCl2
CaCl2.2H2O dehydrate
CaCl2.4H2O Tetrahydrate
CaCl2.6H2O Hex hydrate
۱۱۰٫۹۹ g/mol anhydrous
۱۴۷٫۰۲ g/mol dehydrate
۱۸۳٫۰۴ g/mol tetrahydrate
۲۱۹٫۰۸ g/mol hexahydrate
White or colored solid
۲٫۱۵ g/cm³ anhydrous
۰٫۸۳۵ g/cm³ dehydrate
۱٫۷۱ g/cm³ hexahydrate
۷۷۲ °C (anhydrous)
>1600 °C
۷۴٫۵ g/100 ml (20 °C)
Irritant (Xi)
R36
S2, S22, S24
Application
Among applications of this substance, one may note controlling frozen particles and dust in roads as well as drying processes.
Drying
The drier pipes are coated with calcium chloride constantly. Calcium chloride is used for sodium carbonate production as well. This substance is used in industrial and household de-moistening purposes as well.
The moisture absorption characteristics of this compound have made calcium chloride to be used as a water layer on soil road surfaces and ultimately, by constructing one sub layer, the dusts are kept below the surfaces.
Antifreeze and reducer of freezing point
Along with reducing freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used as a freezing prevention substance especially on road surfaces. Calcium chloride dissolution generates heat which is relatively harmless for soil and plants. In lower temperature, this substance has a better function than sodium chloride. Calcium chloride prevents freezing in -52 centigrade degree and therefore, it is used to fill agricultural machines tires in cold regions to create friction.
Swimming pools and aquarium
Calcium chloride has much usage in increasing water hardness in swimming pools. Increase in calcium concentration in water reduces the dissolution of calcium compounds needed in concrete building and in this way, it reduces erosion of concrete in swimming pool.
In marine aquariums calcium chloride is used to provide the biological calcium for some aquatic (the calcium carbonate in shell) such as in freshwater snails.
The advantage of this substance is its minimum impact on the water acidity.
Food
Calcium chloride is also known as an additive.
Drugs
Calcium chloride is used in treating some types of burns and poisonings too.
Safety:
Calcium chloride might cause skin rash.